Análisis de la formación de personas mayores en competencia mediática / Analysis of media literacy training in elderly
Keywords:
Envejecimiento activo, Evaluación de competencia mediática / Active ageing, media competence evaluationAbstract
La literatura científica no recoge experiencias e investigaciones rigurosas y sistemáticas de evaluación del grado de competencia mediática en personas mayores de 65, por tanto, esta investigación debe ser considerada como trabajo pionero que abre nuevas perspectivas a la igualdad de oportunidades para un envejecimiento participativo mediante la utilización de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación. Tiene como objetivos: evaluar el grado de competencia mediática en las dimensiones: estética, lenguaje, ideología y valores, recepción y audiencia, producción y programación, y tecnología en función del estrato de edad en España y en la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja; averiguar si existen diferencias significativas en el grado de competencia mediática entre diferentes estratos de edad, tanto en España como en la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja y conocer si existen diferencias significativas en el grado de competencia mediática de las personas mayores de 65 años entre las muestras seleccionadas en España y en el ámbito de la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja. Se ha elaborado por expertos el cuestionario sobre Comunicación Audiovisual con fiabilidad y validez demostrada. La muestra en que se ha aplicado dicho cuestionario ha consistido en 6.626 personas en el conjunto de España y de 516 en el territorio de la Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja. Se observa, que en la competencia mediática a medida que se va incrementando la edad, también se va incrementando todavía más el porcentaje de personas no competentes. Este incremento se hace especialmente evidente en el estrato de las personas de mayores de 65 años.
Abstract
Scientific literature does not include systematic and rigorous investigations and experiences on the evaluation of the level of media competence of people aged 65 or older, therefore this research should be considered as a pioneering work that opens new perspectives on quality of life, equal opportunity and active ageing. Its goal is to evaluate the level of media competence in older adults along the dimensions of: aesthetics, language, ideology and values, reception and audience, production and programming, and technology (Ferrés, 2006, Ferrés, 2007 y 2012). Furthermore, it tries to find out whether there are significant differences between the level of media competence of people aged 65 or older from Spain and from the La Rioja autonomous region of Spain. In order to carry out this research a valid and reliable questionnaire on Audiovisual Communication has been designed by experts on the field (Ferrés, J. et al, 2011). The sample consists of 6626 questionnaires filled in by Spanish citizens from different regions and 516 questionnaires filled in by citizens from La Rioja. The results show that people aged 65 or older from both Spain and La Rioja exhibit a marked lack of competence in audiovisual communication.
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