Valoración del impacto que tienen las TIC en educación primaria en los procesos de aprendizaje y en los resultados a través de una triangulación de datos / Assessment of the ICT impact in primary education in the learning processes and results
Keywords:
Alfabetización Informacional, Aprendizaje, Docencia, Tecnología Educacional, Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC)Abstract
Este artículo analiza el nivel de alfabetización digital de los alumnos en educación primaria, indagando en las competencias que se mejoran con el uso de las tecnologías y el impacto que tienen en los resultados académicos. Para ello se aplican unas valoraciones en un cuestionario de tres dimensiones a una muestra de 41 alumnos de educación primaria, comparando los resultados de la evaluación sumativa en 2 cursos académicos consecutivos. Se lleva a cabo una triangulación de datos a partir análisis descriptivo, inferencia estadística, un análisis de contingencias y un análisis factorial. Desde los datos analizados se valora que la condición de nativos digitales de los estudiantes no es suficiente para una alfabetización digital autónoma, por lo que se deben incluir las TIC en la educación formal. También se perciben carencias y prácticas mejorables en la aplicación pedagógica de herramientas 2.0 en los contextos educativos. Por otra parte, el estudio apunta a que con un uso de las TIC en educación se mejoran diversas competencias esenciales en nuestra sociedad actual, vinculadas a la búsqueda, selección y análisis crítico de información, además que se mejoran habilidades de expresión oral. El estudio concluye que con el uso de las TIC no se mejoran significativamente los resultados de los alumnos, aunque se interpreta que esto es debido los citados beneficios que aportan las TIC no se valoran tradicionalmente a través de la evaluación sumativa.
Abstract
This work attempts to analyze the level of digital literacy of students in primary education, an with an investigation regarding the competences that are enhanced with the use of technologies and their impact on academic outcomes. This was done using a questionnaire with three dimensions; it was applied to a sample of 41 primary school pupils, comparing the results of summative assessment on 2 consecutive academic years. It performs a triangulation of data from descriptive analysis, statistical inference, contingency analysis and factor analysis. From the analyzed data is assessed that the status of digital native students is not enough for a standalone digital literacy, so that formal education should include Information and Communication Technology. It is also perceived that there are several deficiencies and improvable practices in the pedagogical application of Web 2.0 tools in educational contexts. Moreover, the study suggests that use of ICT in education improve essential skills in today's society, related to searching, selecting data and analyzing information, and what is more, the improvement of speaking skills. However, the study concludes that using technology does not significantly improve student outcomes, although it is interpreted that this is because they bring benefits which are not valued traditionally through summative assessment.
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