Indicadores para la construcción de prácticas colaborativas en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje / Indicators to develop collaborative practices in online learning
Keywords:
Trabajo en equipo, Conocimiento, Aprendizaje en línea, Método de Enseñanza, Enseñanza Superior / Group Work, Knowledge, E-Learning, Teaching Methods, Higher EducationAbstract
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las prestaciones pedagógicas requeridas para el diseño y apoyo de tareas colaborativas con soporte tecnológico. Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio de casos en la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) que ha permitido analizar el diseño realizado por expertos en la conducción de prácticas colaborativas. Se han llevado a cabo dos estudios conducidos por dos profesores expertos en el uso de metodologías colaborativas en espacios virtuales. Se ha utilizado una perspectiva cualitativa combinando distintos instrumentos para la obtención de datos (entrevistas, análisis entorno virtual, productos elaborados) que ha permitido contrastar el diseño realizado por el profesorado, la percepción de los estudiantes y las interacciones y productos generados en el curso. Como resultado de esta investigación, se ha caracterizado el tipo de tareas que promueven la construcción colaborativa del conocimiento identificando los distintos estadios en el control y diseño. Los resultados obtenidos confirman investigaciones previas que apuntan que para lograr un aprendizaje colaborativo hay que enfrentar a los estudiantes a tareas complejas. Éstos deben percibir que el esfuerzo que supone el trabajo en colaboración tiene beneficios para la elaboración de las actividades de aprendizaje. Por su parte, el docente debe planificar la distribución del control, la responsabilidad de los participantes y promover la elaboración de productos conjuntos. Finalmente, aportamos una serie de indicadores que orientan sobre el diseño de tareas de construcción colaborativa del conocimiento en el aprendizaje en línea.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the pedagogical affordances required in designing and supporting collaborative tasks in virtual environments. We conducted a case study at the Open University of Catalonia (UOC) in order to study the design made by experts in collaborative practices. We analyzed two experiments carried out by two expert teachers in the use of online collaborative methodologies. The methodology has combined different approaches of analysis from a qualitative perspective. It has been contrasted the teachers' and students’ perception, the interactions and products generated in the course. As a result of this research, we have characterized the types of tasks that promote collaborative knowledge building. The results confirm previous research that suggests that for a collaborative learning must confront students with complex tasks. Students must perceive that the effort involved in collaborative work has benefits for the development of learning activities. For its part, the teacher must plan the distribution of control and responsibility of the participants and promote the development of joint products. In the article, is contrasted the design elaborated by teachers and perception of students. Finally, we provide a number of indicators to support the design task and collaborative knowledge construction in online learning.
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